Sources

This bibliography is generated from two places: the numbered Sources section at the end of each chapter, and the claim ledger, which records each material claim with the source that supports it. It lists 870 distinct sources and 1690 ledger claims as of October 26, 2026.

How sources on My Vote Forward are checked

A ledger claim marked as checked by its writer means the writer opened the source and recorded the passage that supports the claim. It is not an independent expert review, a legal opinion, or an endorsement by the source. A source that loads is not proof that it supports a claim, which is why the ledger records the supporting passage. Legal and procedural material changes over time and differs by jurisdiction; each entry shows the date the source was accessed.

Citing a source does not mean its author or publisher endorses My Vote Forward. Standards bodies such as the U.S. Election Assistance Commission and NIST publish guidance; citing that guidance is not a claim that they have reviewed or approved this framework.

My Vote Forward source list, A to Z

My Vote Forward sources are listed alphabetically by title, in groups.

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 1, part 1

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 10:

1. 10 U.S.C. 12406
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
2. 12 U.S.C. 225a, LII
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
   Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: who decides
3. 15 U.S.C. 1012
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
4. 15 U.S.C. 717f
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
5. 16 U.S.C. 824
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
6. 18 U.S.C. 1385
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
7. 18 U.S.C. 3142 (LII)
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
8. 18 U.S.C. 3591 (LII)
   law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
9. 18 U.S.C. 594
   law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
   Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way
10. 18 U.S.C. 611 Voting by aliens (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote

My Vote Forward sources 1 to 2, part 2

My Vote Forward sources 11 to 20:

11. 18 U.S.C. 922 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
12. 19 U.S.C. 1862, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
13. 19 U.S.C. 2132, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
14. 2 U.S.C. 2a, Reapportionment of Representatives. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2a
    law.cornell.edu
    Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
15. 20 U.S.C. 1232a, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
16. 20 U.S.C. 1412, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
17. 20 U.S.C. 3411, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
18. 20 U.S.C. 6311, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
19. 2025 Medicare Trustees Report
    cms.gov · source date 2025-06-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
20. 22 U.S.C. 2776
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs

My Vote Forward sources 2 to 3, part 3

My Vote Forward sources 21 to 30:

21. 23 U.S.C. 134
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides
22. 26 U.S.C. 25F, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Education, Education: who decides
23. 26 U.S.C. 4081
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
24. 26 U.S.C. 42
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
25. 28 U.S.C. 534 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
26. 29 U.S.C. 164, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
27. 29 U.S.C. 206, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
28. 29 U.S.C. 3122, LII
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Education: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides
29. 34 U.S.C. 10152 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
30. 34 U.S.C. 12601 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides

My Vote Forward sources 4 to 4, part 4

My Vote Forward sources 31 to 40:

31. 42 U.S.C. 2021
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
32. 42 U.S.C. 3604
    law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
33. 42 U.S.C. 4332
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
34. 42 U.S.C. 4336a
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
35. 42 U.S.C. 7410
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
36. 42 U.S.C. 7411
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
37. 42 U.S.C. 7416
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
38. 42 U.S.C. 7543
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
39. 45 CFR 160.103
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules
40. 45 CFR 164.302
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Security: three layers that must not be confused

My Vote Forward sources 5 to 5, part 5

My Vote Forward sources 41 to 50:

41. 5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls (Pew)
    pewresearch.org · source date 2016-09-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Question design
42. 5 U.S. Code § 553 - Rule making
    law.cornell.edu · source date current code · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Agenda capture
43. 50 U.S.C. 1543
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
44. 50 U.S.C. 1544
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
45. 50 Years of Women's Suffrage in Switzerland (Law Library of Congress)
    blogs.loc.gov · source date 2021-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 4 ledger claims
    Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
46. 52 U.S.C. 10101 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
47. 52 U.S.C. 10301
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Who decides government and rights
48. 52 U.S.C. 10307
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying
49. 52 U.S.C. 10508, Voting assistance for blind, disabled, or illiterate persons, via Legal Information Institute. Jurisdiction: United States. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/52/10508 (accessed
    law.cornell.edu
    Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
50. 52 U.S.C. 20501, National Voter Registration Act findings and purposes. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/52/20501
    law.cornell.edu
    Cited on: Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll

My Vote Forward sources 5 to 8, part 6

My Vote Forward sources 51 to 60:

51. 52 U.S.C. 21081, Voting systems standards (Help America Vote Act section 301). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/52/21081
    law.cornell.edu
    Cited on: Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
52. 52 U.S.C. 21082
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: What happens when the network or the system fails?
53. 52 U.S.C. 21083
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 4 ledger claims
    Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
54. 52 U.S.C. 30121 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
55. 8 U.S.C. 1103 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
56. 8 U.S.C. 1151 Worldwide level of immigration (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
57. 8 U.S.C. 1157 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
58. 8 U.S.C. 1158 Asylum (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
59. 8 U.S.C. 1324a (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
60. 8 U.S.C. 1357 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources 8 to A, part 7

My Vote Forward sources 61 to 70:

61. 8 U.S.C. 1373 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
62. 8 U.S.C. 1427 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
63. Aadhaar Act, 2016 (Gazette of India)
    uidai.gov.in · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: India · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?
64. AAPOR Disclosure Standards, Code of Professional Ethics and Practice
    aapor.org · source date 2021-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general, not applicable, United States (professional standard) · 7 ledger claims
    Cited on: Measurement, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, What if most people never participate?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?
65. AAPOR Report on Online Panels, POQ
    web.stanford.edu · source date 2010-10-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (professional report) · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?
66. AAPOR Standard Definitions, 10th edition
    aapor.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Measurement
67. AAPOR Task Force on 2020 Pre-Election Polling
    aapor.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Measurement, Opinion and choice
68. AARP and NAC, Caregiving in the US 2025
    aarp.org · source date 2025-07-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
69. About the Democracy Voucher Program
    seattle.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Seattle, Washington · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Money in politics
70. ACE Project, Iceland's Supreme Court nullifies Constitutional Convention election
    aceproject.org · source date 2011 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 8

My Vote Forward sources 71 to 80:

71. AERA, House and Senate Education Committees Take Divergent Approaches
    aera.net · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Education: who decides
72. AJPS author summary
    ajps.org · source date 2019-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (municipal) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
73. Al Jazeera, Hungary: Overwhelming anti-migration vote declared void
    aljazeera.com · source date 2016-10-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Hungary · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
74. Alaska Public Media, Alaska's ranked choice repeal measure fails by 664 votes
    alaskapublic.org · source date 2024-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Alaska · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
75. Allcott, Braghieri, Eichmeyer, Gentzkow, The Welfare Effects of Social Media, AER 110(3)
    aeaweb.org · source date 2020-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
76. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Our Common Purpose
    amacad.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: The representation gap
77. Americans' Support for Immigration Down, Still Strong (Gallup)
    news.gallup.com · source date 2026-07-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
78. Americans' Views of Deportations and Immigration Enforcement (Pew)
    pewresearch.org · source date 2025-03-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
79. Ansolabehere and Hersh, Validation, Political Analysis 20(4)
    cambridge.org · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Opinion and choice
80. Ansolabehere, Rodden, Snyder, The Strength of Issues, APSR 102(2)
    ideas.repec.org · source date 2008 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Opinion and choice

My Vote Forward sources A to A, part 9

My Vote Forward sources 81 to 90:

81. Arhip-Paterson, Participations 26-27 (abstract via OpenAlex)
    doi.org · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
82. Aristotle, Politics , translated by William Ellis, Project Gutenberg edition, Book IV, chapter IX. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6762/6762-h/6762-h.htm
    gutenberg.org
    Cited on: Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
83. Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, No. 10-238
    law.cornell.edu · source date 2011-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal); Arizona · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Money in politics
84. Arizona Revised Statutes 16-204
    azleg.gov · source date current as accessed · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Arizona · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
85. Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, No. 13-1314
    law.cornell.edu · source date 2015-06-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal); Arizona · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Gerrymandering
86. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (LII)
    law.cornell.edu · source date 2012-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
    Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
87. Arnstein, A Ladder of Citizen Participation, JAIP 35(4) (reproduction)
    maindee.org · source date 1969-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Participation: taking part in a civic process
88. ASCE 2025 Report Card
    infrastructurereportcard.org · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
89. Atlanta News First, Fulton County used improper procedures in 2020 vote recount
    atlantanewsfirst.com · source date 2024-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
90. Attorney General James Issues Report Detailing Millions of Fake Comments
    ag.ny.gov · source date 2021-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (FCC); New York AG investigation · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Agenda capture

My Vote Forward sources A to B, part 10

My Vote Forward sources 91 to 100:

91. Australian Electoral Commission, Enrolment statistics
    aec.gov.au · source date 2026-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
92. Australian Electoral Commission, Voting history
    aec.gov.au · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia, Australia (history) · 7 ledger claims
    Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Start here, Opinions, Private voting, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Seminar guide
93. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Carteles: Observatorio de la Ciudad (via Internet Archive)
    diario.madrid.es · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
94. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, El Ayuntamiento invitará a 30.000 hogares (via Internet Archive)
    diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-02-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
95. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, La ciudadanía toma la palabra en el arranque del Observatorio (via Internet Archive)
    diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-03-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
96. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Las propuestas ciudadanas de Decide Madrid (via Internet Archive)
    diario.madrid.es · source date 2019-02-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
97. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Más de 212.000 personas participan en la primera votación ciudadana (via Internet Archive)
    diario.madrid.es · source date 2017-02-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
98. Ballotpedia News, Five states reject ranked-choice voting measures; Alaska retains system after recount
    news.ballotpedia.org · source date 2024-12-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: AK, AZ, CO, ID, NV, OR, MO · 1 ledger claim
    Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
99. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (English translation)
    gesetze-im-internet.de · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Germany · 2 ledger claims
    Cited on: Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs
100. BC Citizens' Assembly, Making Every Vote Count, Final Report
     citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca · source date 2004-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: British Columbia's Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 11

My Vote Forward sources 101 to 110:

101. Beard, National Geographic
     nationalgeographic.com · source date 2025-06-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Glarus) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
102. Berinsky, Burns and Traugott, Who Votes by Mail?, Public Opinion Quarterly 65(2)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2001 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
103. Bernhard et al., Can Voters Detect Malicious Manipulation of Ballot Marking Devices?, IEEE S&P 2020
     jhalderm.com · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
104. BFS, Stimmbeteiligung
     bfs.admin.ch · source date 2026-08-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
105. Binder, Polarized We Govern?, Brookings
     brookings.edu · source date 2014-05-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Congress · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
106. BJS, Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2018 (NCJ 302187)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2022-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
107. BJS, Crime Known to Law Enforcement, 2025 (NCJ 312174)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2026-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
108. BJS, Criminal Victimization, 2024 (NCJ 310547)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
109. BJS, Jail Inmates in 2023: Statistical Tables (NCJ 309965)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-04-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides
110. BJS, Prisoners in 2023: Statistical Tables (NCJ 310197)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 12

My Vote Forward sources 111 to 120:

111. BJS, Prosecutors in State Courts, 2007 (NCJ 234211)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2011-12-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
112. BJS, Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 24 States in 2008 (NCJ 256094)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (24 states) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
113. BJS, Victimization Estimates from the Redesigned NCVS Instrument, 2024 (NCJ 312200)
     bjs.ojp.gov · source date 2026-10-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
114. Blair and Imai, Statistical Analysis of List Experiments, Political Analysis 20(1)
     imai.fas.harvard.edu · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Opinion and choice
115. BLS CPS table 49, Certification and licensing status, 2025 annual averages
     bls.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides, Economy and Work: evidence
116. BLS, Consumer Price Index, September 2026
     bls.gov · source date 2026-10-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
117. BLS, Real Earnings, September 2026
     bls.gov · source date 2026-10-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
118. BLS, The Employment Situation, September 2026
     bls.gov · source date 2026-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
119. BLS, Union Members 2025 (USDL-26-0229)
     bls.gov · source date 2026-02-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
120. Bojic, Marra and Naydenova, Online tools for public engagement: case studies from Reykjavik (arXiv preprint)
     arxiv.org · source date 2016-11-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas

My Vote Forward sources B to B, part 13

My Vote Forward sources 121 to 130:

121. Boxell, Gentzkow, Shapiro, Cross-Country Trends in Affective Polarization, NBER WP 26669
     nber.org · source date 2020-01 (rev. 2021-11) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: 12 OECD countries · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
122. Branham, Soroka, Wlezien, When Do the Rich Win?
     academic.oup.com · source date 2017-04-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
123. Brennan Center, Local Election Officials Survey 2025
     brennancenter.org · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (local election officials) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
124. Brennan Center, Local Election Officials Survey Spring 2024 deck (reweighted)
     brennancenter.org · source date 2024 (deck updated 2025-07-08) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
125. Brennan Center, Poll of Election Officials Finds Concerns About Safety, Political Interference
     brennancenter.org · source date 2024-05-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
126. Broadening Donor Participation in Local Elections: Results from the Seattle Democracy Voucher Program in 2021
     seattle.gov · source date n.d. (2021 cycle) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Seattle, Washington · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
127. Brown Political Review
     brownpoliticalreview.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
128. Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1976-01-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
129. Bürgerdialog, Ablauf
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
130. Bürgerdialog, Auswertung
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)

My Vote Forward sources B to C, part 14

My Vote Forward sources 131 to 140:

131. Bürgerdialog, Entstehungsgeschichte
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
132. Bürgerdialog, Gremien und Beteiligte
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
133. Bürgerdialog, Stand der Dinge
     buergerdialog.be · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
134. Burke, Speech to the Electors of Bristol (The Founders' Constitution)
     press-pubs.uchicago.edu · source date 1774-11-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Great Britain (historical), Great Britain (historical document) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Representation, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, What happens when someone changes their position?
135. Burson v. Freeman, 504 U.S. 191
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1992-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Tennessee · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
136. Cabinet Office, "Why the government believes that voting to remain in the EU is the best decision for the UK," April 6, 2016 (archived). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/why-the-government-b
     gov.uk
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
137. Calabrese, Williams, Gupta, Administration and Society 52(9) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
138. California Democratic Party v. Jones, 530 U.S. 567, syllabus
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2000-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
139. California Elections Code section 14051 (Public.Law)
     california.public.law · source date updated 2016-01-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
140. California Elections Code section 14052 (Public.Law)
     california.public.law · source date updated 2016-01-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 15

My Vote Forward sources 141 to 150:

141. California LAO, A Historical Review of Proposition 98
     lao.ca.gov · source date 2017-01-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Participation over time, Tradeoffs, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
142. California Secretary of State, How to Qualify an Initiative
     sos.ca.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Participation over time
143. California Secretary of State, Statewide Initiative Guide (county-hosted copy)
     lassencounty.gov · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Participation over time, Tradeoffs
144. Campaign Contributions Facilitate Access to Congressional Officials: A Randomized Field Experiment
     stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu · source date 2016-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Congress) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Money in politics, Agenda capture
145. Canton of Fribourg Statistical Service, Abstimmungen
     fr.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
146. Cantoni and Pons, Strict ID Laws Don't Stop Voters, NBER w25522 / QJE 2021
     nber.org · source date 2021-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
147. Capitol Beat, Mail-in ballot signature audit for Cobb County finds no fraud: GBI
     capitol-beat.org · source date 2020-12-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
148. Caravale, The Smith Commission and the 2016 Scotland Act, Nomos 3-2023
     nomos-leattualitaneldiritto.it · source date 2023-11-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
149. Card and Krueger, NBER WP 4509
     nber.org · source date 1993-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey and Pennsylvania · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: evidence
150. Carter Center, Observation of Georgia's Risk-Limiting Audit/Hand Count: Final Report
     cartercenter.org · source date 2021-03-31 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 14 ledger claims
     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 16

My Vote Forward sources 151 to 160:

151. CDC NCHS, FastStats: Assault or Homicide
     cdc.gov · source date 2024 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
152. CDC NCHS, FastStats: Suicide
     cdc.gov · source date 2024 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
153. CDC, Firearm Injury and Death: Fast Facts
     cdc.gov · source date 2022 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
154. Cengiz, Dube, Lindner and Zipperer, NBER WP 25434
     nber.org · source date 2019-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
155. Census Bureau CB23-TPS.21
     census.gov · source date 2023-02-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
156. Census Bureau, 2020 Census Apportionment Results
     census.gov · source date 2021-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The representation gap, Problems
157. CEQ release (archived)
     bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov · source date 2025-01-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
158. CEQ, EIS Timelines (2010-2018)
     nepa.gov · source date 2020-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
159. CESE, Discours de Marianne et Jean-Michel, Remise du rapport de la Convention Citoyenne sur la fin de vie
     lecese.fr · source date 2023-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
160. Chalfin et al., Police Force Size and Civilian Race, AER: Insights
     aeaweb.org · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 17

My Vote Forward sources 161 to 170:

161. Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2011-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
162. Channel 4 News FactCheck
     channel4.com · source date 2015-09-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
163. Chen, Haggag, Pope, Rohla, Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times, NBER w26487
     nber.org · source date 2019-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
164. Christopher Wlezien, "On the Salience of Political Issues," Nuffield College Politics Working Paper 2003-W10, University of Oxford. https://www.nuff.ox.ac.uk/Politics/papers/2003/Wlezien%20Salience%20
     nuff.ox.ac.uk
     Cited on: Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention
165. CIRCLE, 2024 Election hub
     circle.tufts.edu · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
166. CISA resource page, Risk Management for Electronic Ballot Delivery, Marking, and Return
     cisa.gov · source date 2020-05-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal guidance) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Security: three layers that must not be confused, Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules
167. CISA, EAC, FBI, NIST, Risk Management for Electronic Ballot Delivery, Marking, and Return (archived copy of CISA PDF)
     web.archive.org · source date 2020-05-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval
168. CISA, Joint statement of the Election Infrastructure GCC and SCC executive committees
     cisa.gov · source date 2020-11-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (2020 general election) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
169. Citizens Foundation, Citizens Foundation's main projects
     citizens.is · source date 2014-04-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas
170. Citizens United v. FEC, No. 08-205
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010-01-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 18

My Vote Forward sources 171 to 180:

171. Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (British Columbia), "What was the Citizens' Assembly?" https://citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca/public/inaction.htm
     citizensassembly.arts.ubc.ca
     Cited on: Citizens' assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
172. Citizens' Assembly: Previous Assemblies
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed, Citizens' assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends
173. Citizens' Assembly: Selection of members
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short
174. City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, No. 23-175
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2024-06-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
175. City of Portland, Transition Overview
     portland.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Portland, Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
176. City of Reykjavik Internal Audit and Advisory, Eftirlit með rafrænum kosningum: Hverfið mitt 2022-2023
     fundur.reykjavik.is · source date 2023-11-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
177. City of Reykjavik, Hverfið mitt program page
     reykjavik.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas
178. City of Reykjavik: My Neighborhood 2018
     reykjavik.is · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
179. City of Reykjavik: Participatory democracy
     reykjavik.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 11 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Priorities, Participation over time, Tradeoffs, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?
180. City of Vienna, Social Housing in Vienna
     socialhousing.wien · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Vienna, Austria · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 19

My Vote Forward sources 181 to 190:

181. Clayton et al., Elite rhetoric can undermine democratic norms, PNAS 118(23)
     ebi.ac.uk · source date 2021-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
182. CMS, EMTALA
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
183. CMS, National Health Expenditure Data: Historical
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
184. CMS, NHE Fact Sheet
     cms.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
185. Colorado Election Rules 8 CCR 1505-1, Rule 25 Post-election audit
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2026-03-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
186. Colorado Secretary of State, Audit Center
     sos.state.co.us · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
187. Colorado Secretary of State, Risk-limiting audit FAQs
     sos.state.co.us · source date undated (current) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?
188. Colorado SOS statement, November 20, 2020
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2020-11-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
189. Colorado SOS, Certifies the State's 2020 General Election
     coloradosos.gov · source date 2020-12-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
190. Colorado SOS, Risk-Limiting Audit Final Report, EAC grant EAC110150E
     eac.gov · source date circa 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 20

My Vote Forward sources 191 to 200:

191. Commission on Federal Election Reform, "Building Confidence in U.S. Elections," September 2005, copy hosted by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1
     eac.gov
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
192. Commission on Federal Election Reform, Building Confidence in U.S. Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2005-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
193. Commission on Federal Election Reform, Building Confidence in U.S. Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2005-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
194. Community-based fact-checking reduces the spread of misleading posts on social media
     arxiv.org · source date 2024-09-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: X/Twitter · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
195. Comparative Agendas Project
     comparativeagendas.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture
196. Comparative Agendas Project, Master Codebook
     comparativeagendas.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life
197. Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas (PNAS)
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2020-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Texas) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
198. Comprehensive Ranking System criteria (IRCC)
     canada.ca · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
199. Computational Democracy Project, Case studies index
     compdemocracy.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
200. Computational Democracy Project, vTaiwan case study
     compdemocracy.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 21

My Vote Forward sources 201 to 210:

201. Congressional Research Service, "The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues," R46668, first published February 1, 2021, updated July 7, 2025, text read via the EveryCRSR
     congress.gov
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows, Safety and Justice: who decides
202. Conseil constitutionnel, Décision n° 2021-825 DC
     conseil-constitutionnel.fr · source date 2021-08-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
203. Constitutional Council, The Constitutional Council hands over the bill for a new constitution
     stjornlagarad.is · source date 2011-07-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
204. ConstitutionNet: Joint Committee on Gender Equality calls for referendum
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2022-07-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
205. ConstitutionNet: voters reject referendums on family and care
     constitutionnet.org · source date 2024-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
206. Consul Democracy home page
     consuldemocracy.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
207. Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat, English home page
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
208. Convention citoyenne pour le climat, How were the citizens selected?
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
209. Convention citoyenne pour le climat, official site
     conventioncitoyennepourleclimat.fr · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
210. Convention on the Constitution, Third Report (same-sex marriage)
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes

My Vote Forward sources C to C, part 22

My Vote Forward sources 211 to 220:

211. Cour des comptes, Les dispositifs de participation citoyenne à la décision publique
     ccomptes.fr · source date 2026-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
212. Courant, Citizens' Assemblies for Referendums and Constitutional Reforms: Is There an Irish Model, Frontiers in Political Science 2
     frontiersin.org · source date 2021-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
213. Cox and Kousser, Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case, AJPS 25(4)
     authors.library.caltech.edu · source date 1981-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (New York) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
214. Crawford v. Marion County Election Board (U.S. Supreme Court)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2008-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Indiana) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
215. Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, 553 U.S. 181
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2008-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Indiana · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
216. Crawford, The U.S. Budgetary Costs of the Post-9/11 Wars, Costs of War Project
     costsofwar.watson.brown.edu · source date 2021-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
217. CRS IF12627, Defense Primer: FY2025 Department of Defense Audit Results
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-04-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
218. CRS IF12916, Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2025-02-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
219. CRS IN12389, Election Policy Fundamentals: The Secret Ballot
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2024-07-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot
220. CRS R40213, Foreign Assistance: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2022-01-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence

My Vote Forward sources C to D, part 23

My Vote Forward sources 221 to 230:

221. CRS R42699, The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2019-03-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
222. CRS R44819
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2017-04-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Senate · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
223. CRS R46646, Election Administration: Federal Grant Programs for States and Localities
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-04-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
224. CRS R46668, The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Benefits and Issues (EveryCRSReport mirror)
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2025-07-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
225. CRS R47470, Membership of the 118th Congress: A Profile
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2024-12-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Congress · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
226. CRS R49023, FY2027 Defense Budget: Funding for Selected Weapon Systems
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
227. CRS RS22622, School Finance Litigation
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2009-01-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
228. Curry and Lee, Niskanen Center
     niskanencenter.org · source date 2020-11-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
229. Dalela, Kulyk, Schurmann, Voter Perceptions of Trust in Risk-Limiting Audits, E-Vote-ID 2021
     researcher.itu.dk · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (study participants) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
230. Darr, Hitt, Dunaway, Newspaper Closures Polarize Voting Behavior
     academic.oup.com · source date 2018-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States counties · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news

My Vote Forward sources D to D, part 24

My Vote Forward sources 231 to 240:

231. Davatz, The Landsgemeinde of the Canton of Glarus, Staatskanzlei Glarus
     landsgemeinde.gl.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Glarus) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
232. Davis and Hernandez, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, P20-590
     census.gov · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
233. Davis and Hernandez, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, P20-590, U.S. Census Bureau
     www2.census.gov · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (citizen voting-age population) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
234. Dekret zur Einführung eines permanenten Bürgerdialogs (consolidated)
     static.buergerdialog.be · source date 2019-02-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
235. DeSilver, The polarization in today's Congress has roots that go back decades, Pew Research Center
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Congress · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
236. DHS v. League of Women Voters, No. 26A308, order on application for stay
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-09-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
237. Diamond, McQuade, Qian, AER 109(9)
     aeaweb.org · source date 2019-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: San Francisco, California · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
238. Did the Roll-Out of Community Notes Reduce Engagement With Misinformation on X/Twitter?
     arxiv.org · source date 2023-07-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: X/Twitter · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
239. Dobbie, Goldin and Yang, The Effects of Pretrial Detention, AER
     aeaweb.org · source date 2018 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
240. DOE press release on grid reliability report
     energy.gov · source date 2025-07-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources D to E, part 25

My Vote Forward sources 241 to 250:

241. DOE release on LBNL data center report
     energy.gov · source date 2024-12-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
242. Doe v. Reed, 561 U.S. 186
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?
243. Doe v. Reed, Sotomayor J., concurring
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2010 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?
244. DOJ NSD, Foreign Agents Registration Act
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
245. DOJ, History of Federal Voting Rights Laws
     justice.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
246. DOJ, The ADA and Other Federal Laws Protecting the Rights of Voters with Disabilities
     ada.gov · source date 2024-04-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
247. Durkin, Lipsey, Farran and Wiesen, Effects of a Statewide Prekindergarten Program...
     cdn.vanderbilt.edu · source date 2022-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), Tennessee · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education: who decides, Education: evidence
248. EAC blog, Understanding Voting Accessibility in the 2022 Elections
     eac.gov · source date 2023-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
249. EAC Voluntary Voting System Guidelines 2.0
     eac.gov · source date 2021-02-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Coercion: pressure to vote or speak a certain way, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting
250. EAC, 2024 EAVS Comprehensive Report
     eac.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 26

My Vote Forward sources 251 to 260:

251. EAC, Election Security Funds
     eac.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
252. EAC, System Certification Process
     eac.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
253. EAC, The Road to Widespread Deployment of Next Generation VVSG 2.0-Certified Voting Systems
     eac.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Security: three layers that must not be confused, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
254. Eady et al., Nature Communications 14:62
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2023-01-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
255. Education Week, Where Are Ed. Dept. Programs Moving?
     edweek.org · source date 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
256. EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.3
     eia.gov · source date 2026-10-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
257. EIA, Electricity in the United States
     eia.gov · source date 2025 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
258. EIA, Levelized Costs of New Generation Resources in AEO2025
     eia.gov · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
259. EIA, Prices and factors affecting prices
     eia.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
260. EIA, The United States produced more crude oil than any other country in 2025
     eia.gov · source date 2026-07-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 27

My Vote Forward sources 261 to 270:

261. EIA, The United States set record energy production in 2025, again
     eia.gov · source date 2026-05-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
262. EIA, U.S. energy facts explained
     eia.gov · source date 2025 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
263. Eichhorn, Votes At 16, Parliamentary Affairs 71(2)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2018-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
264. EJPD/EDA/WBF, Art. 121a BV Umsetzungskonzept
     newsd.admin.ch · source date 2014-06-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
265. Elections Act 2022 Part 5
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
266. Elections Act 2022, section 8 (RPA 1983 s.114A)
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?
267. Elections BC, Report of the CEO on the 2018 Referendum on Electoral Reform
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: British Columbia's Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
268. Elections BC, Report of the CEO, 2005 General Election and Referendum
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2005 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: British Columbia's Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
269. Elections BC, Report of the CEO, 39th General Election and Referendum, May 12, 2009
     elections.bc.ca · source date 2009 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: British Columbia, Canada · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: British Columbia's Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
270. Electoral Commission, Marriage Referendum and Age of Presidential Candidates Referendum
     electoralcommission.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 28

My Vote Forward sources 271 to 280:

271. Electoral Management Board for Scotland, Result of the Scottish Independence Referendum
     emb.scot · source date 2014-09-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
272. Enns, Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation, Perspectives on Politics 13(4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The representation gap
273. Enns, Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation, Perspectives on Politics 13(4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal policy), United States (research) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?
274. EOIR Announces Significant Immigration Court Milestones (DOJ EOIR)
     justice.gov · source date 2025-09-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
275. EPA 7th DWINSA
     epa.gov · source date 2023-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
276. EPA final rule page
     epa.gov · source date 2026-02-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
277. EPA supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking
     epa.gov · source date 2026-09-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
278. EPA, Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the United States
     epa.gov · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
279. EPA, How the DWSRF Works
     epa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides
280. EPA, Information about Public Water Systems
     epa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources E to E, part 29

My Vote Forward sources 281 to 290:

281. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
     epa.gov · source date page updated 2026-06-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
282. EPA, Lead and Copper Rule Improvements
     epa.gov · source date 2024-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
283. ERR News, Potential security risk could affect 750,000 Estonian ID cards
     news.err.ee · source date 2017-09-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
284. Estimates of the Illegal Alien Population Residing in the United States, listing (DHS OHSS)
     ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2024-04-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
285. Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2018 to January 2022 (DHS OHSS)
     ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2024-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
286. Estonia E-Voting Security Analysis project site
     estoniaevoting.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
287. Estonian State Electoral Office, Introduction to i-voting
     valimised.ee · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia, Estonia (national) · 15 ledger claims
     Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when someone changes their position?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
288. Estonian State Electoral Office, Questions about reliability of i-voting
     valimised.ee · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia, Estonia (national) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?
289. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
290. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes, Commentary
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum

My Vote Forward sources E to F, part 30

My Vote Forward sources 291 to 300:

291. EU Referendum Act 2015 Explanatory Notes, Policy background
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
292. European Commission, European Climate Law
     climate.ec.europa.eu · source date 2026-04-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
293. European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
294. European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 s.20
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
295. European Union Referendum Act 2015, s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2015-12-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?
296. European Union Referendum Act 2015, section 2. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/36/section/2
     legislation.gov.uk
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
297. Evaluating Online Nonprobability Surveys (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2016-05-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US, United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Measurement, Evaluation, The framework, Priorities, Representation
298. Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem
     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · source date 2020-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
299. Executive Order 14242, American Presidency Project
     presidency.ucsb.edu · source date 2025-03-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
300. Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election
     doi.org · source date 2019-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation

My Vote Forward sources F to F, part 31

My Vote Forward sources 301 to 310:

301. Farrell, Suiter, Harris, Systematizing constitutional deliberation (Irish Political Studies 34(1))
     cora.ucc.ie · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
302. FBI, UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2024
     cde.ucr.cjis.gov · source date 2025-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
303. FBI, UCR Summary of Reported Crimes in the Nation, 2025
     cde.ucr.cjis.gov · source date 2026-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 11 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
304. FDFA aboutswitzerland, Direct democracy
     aboutswitzerland.eda.admin.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal), Switzerland · 17 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, The framework, Proposals, Participation over time, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Does a majority decide anyone's rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Referendum: a question put directly to voters
305. Federal Bureau of Prisons, First Step Act: Overview
     bop.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
306. Federal Chancellery, fünfte Strafanzeige
     admin.ch · source date 2025-12-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
307. Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (English translation, 2014 text), Constitute Project
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     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
308. Federal Council, Hausdurchsuchungen Unterschriftenfälschungen
     admin.ch · source date 2026-01-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
309. Federal Reserve Board, Federal Open Market Committee
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     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
310. Federal Reserve Board, report on economic well-being of U.S. households in 2025
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     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence

My Vote Forward sources F to F, part 32

My Vote Forward sources 311 to 320:

311. Federal Rulemaking: Selected Agencies Should Clearly Communicate Practices Associated with Identity Information in the Public Comment Process
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     Cited on: Agenda capture
312. Fedozzi et al., Orçamento Participativo de Porto Alegre: Perfil, Avaliação e Percepções do Público Participante
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     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
313. FHWA Highway Statistics 2023, HM-10
     fhwa.dot.gov · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
314. FHWA Highway Statistics 2023, HM-20
     fhwa.dot.gov · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
315. FIDO Alliance, Passkey Central, "How passkeys work." https://www.passkeycentral.org/introduction-to-passkeys/how-passkeys-work
     passkeycentral.org
     Cited on: Authentication: proving control of an account, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
316. FIDO Alliance, Passkeys
     fidoalliance.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General, international (industry), International (industry standard body) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
317. Financial Technology Development and Innovative Experimentation Act
     law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2018-01-31 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
318. Fiorina and Abrams, Political Polarization in the American Public, Annual Review of Political Science (SSRC MediaWell listing)
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
319. Fishkin, Siu, Diamond, Bradburn, Is Deliberation an Antidote to Extreme Partisan Polarization?, APSR
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
320. For Weighting Online Opt-In Samples, What Matters Most? (Pew)
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     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population

My Vote Forward sources F to G, part 33

My Vote Forward sources 321 to 330:

321. Foreign-Born Workers: Labor Force Characteristics, 2025 (BLS)
     bls.gov · source date 2026-05-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
322. Fowler, Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout, QJPS 8(2)
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     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
323. Freedom House, United States: Freedom in the World 2025
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     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
324. Frequently Asked Questions (The Citizens' Assembly)
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     Cited on: Agenda capture
325. FTC press release on Cambridge Analytica
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     Cited on: Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
326. Fung and Wright, Deepening Democracy, front matter and contents
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     Cited on: Seminar guide
327. g0v international page
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     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
328. Gallup News Service July 1-19, 2026 Final Topline (ECI and MIP)
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-07-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
329. Gallup Poll Social Series: Governance, Final Topline
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-09-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (national) · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Education, Economy and Work, Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
330. Gallup, Americans Prefer Tempered Crime-Fighting Methods
     news.gallup.com · source date 2025-10-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 34

My Vote Forward sources 331 to 340:

331. Gallup, Americans' Rating of Environment Hits New Low
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-04-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy
332. Gallup, Climate Change Concern Near Its High Point in U.S.
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-04-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
333. Gallup, Confidence in U.S. Institutions Remains Near All-Time Low
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-07-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
334. Gallup, Congress and the Public
     news.gallup.com · source date 2026-04-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, The representation gap
335. Gallup, Crime in U.S. Seen as Less Serious for Second Straight Year
     news.gallup.com · source date 2025-10-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
336. Gallup, Democrats' Confidence in U.S. Institutions Sinks to New Low
     news.gallup.com · source date 2025-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Defense and foreign affairs
337. Gallup, Majorities Still Back Stricter Gun Laws, Assault Weapons Ban
     news.gallup.com · source date 2024-11-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
338. Gallup, Most Important Problem
     news.gallup.com · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: The framework, Priorities, Agenda capture, Opinion: a stated view on a worded question, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention
339. Gallup, Record-High 56% in U.S. Perceive Local Crime Has Increased
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
340. Gallup, U.S. Prison System Rated High on Security, Low on Reform
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 35

My Vote Forward sources 341 to 350:

341. Ganuza and Menéndez-Blanco, ¿Te ha tocado? El sorteo llega a la política de Madrid, Recerca 25(1)
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     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
342. GAO High-Risk List
     gao.gov · source date 2025-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
343. GAO-12-701
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
344. GAO-20-145, Economic Sanctions
     gao.gov · source date 2019-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
345. GAO-24-106703, F-35 Sustainment
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
346. GAO, Elections: Issues Related to State Voter Identification Laws, GAO-14-634
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     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
347. Gao, Lee, Murphy, Financing Dies in Darkness?, Brookings
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     Cited on: The collapse of local news
348. GDPR Article 7 (reproduction)
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     Cited on: Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Consent: agreement to a specific use of information
349. GDPR Article 9 (reproduction)
     gdpr-info.eu · source date 2016-04-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
350. Gelauff and Goel, Rank, Pack, or Approve
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     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say

My Vote Forward sources G to G, part 36

My Vote Forward sources 351 to 360:

351. Georgia Recorder via Rough Draft Atlanta, Georgia oversight panel ruminates on 2020 election hiccups
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     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
352. Gerber, Green, Shachar, Voting May Be Habit Forming, AJPS 47(3)
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     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
353. Gilens and Page, Testing Theories of American Politics, Perspectives on Politics 12(3)
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     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Representation, The representation gap, Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Money in politics, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Seminar guide
354. Gilens, The Insufficiency of Democracy by Coincidence (reprint)
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     Cited on: Representation
355. Gill v. Whitford, No. 16-1161
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
356. Giraudet et al., Co-construction in deliberative democracy: lessons from the French Citizens' Convention for Climate, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 9:207
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     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
357. Glaeser and Gyourko, JEP 32(1)
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     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
358. Glennon, The future for citizens' assemblies in Ireland, I-CONnect
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     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
359. Goel et al., Knapsack Voting for Participatory Budgeting
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     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Priorities, Tradeoffs
360. Goncalves, Effects of Participatory Budgeting on Municipal Expenditures and Infant Mortality in Brazil (World Development)
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     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget

My Vote Forward sources G to H, part 37

My Vote Forward sources 361 to 370:

361. Gronke and Miller, Voting by Mail and Turnout in Oregon, American Politics Research 40(6)
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     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
362. Grose, Reducing Legislative Polarization, JPIPE 1
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
363. Groves, Nonresponse Rates and Nonresponse Bias in Household Surveys, POQ 70(5)
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     Cited on: Measurement, Nonresponse bias: when those who answer differ from those who do not
364. Guess et al., How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?, Science 381(6656)
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
365. Guinness World Records, Longest time without a government in peacetime
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     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
366. Hagelskamp et al., Shifting Priorities, NPS 42(2) (abstract via OpenAlex)
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     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
367. Haines, Lewis, Pereira, Teague, How not to prove your election outcome, IEEE S&P 2020
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     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
368. Hainmueller and Hangartner, AJPS 63(3)
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     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
369. Hajnal and Lewis, Municipal Institutions and Voter Turnout in Local Elections, Urban Affairs Review 38(5)
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     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
370. Hajnal, Gerber, Louch, Minorities and Direct Legislation, JOP 64(1)
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     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do

My Vote Forward sources H to H, part 38

My Vote Forward sources 371 to 380:

371. Hajnal, Kogan, Markarian, Who Votes: City Election Timing and Voter Composition, APSR 116(1)
     doi.org · source date 2021-08-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California (cities) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
372. Hall, What Happens When Extremists Win Primaries?, APSR 109(1)
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems
373. Hanushek, Money Matters After All?, Education Next
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     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
374. Harris Health, About Us
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     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
375. Harvard EELP endangerment finding tracker
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     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
376. Harvard JCHS, The State of the Nation's Housing 2025
     jchs.harvard.edu · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
377. Harvard Kennedy School publication record
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     Cited on: Seminar guide
378. Haut Conseil pour le Climat, Avis portant sur le projet de loi Climat et résilience
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     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
379. Hayduk et al., Immigrant Engagement in PB in NYC, NPS 39(1) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
380. HM Treasury analysis: the immediate economic impact of leaving the EU
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     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum

My Vote Forward sources H to H, part 39

My Vote Forward sources 381 to 390:

381. Hobolt, The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent, JEPP 23(9)
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     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
382. Holyrood, EU vote will not be a yes/no choice
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     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
383. House History, The Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929
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     Cited on: The representation gap
384. How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?
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     Cited on: Misinformation
385. How it works (European Citizens' Initiative)
     citizens-initiative.europa.eu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture
386. How petitions work
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     Cited on: Agenda capture
387. Hsiao, Lin, Tang, Narayanan, Sarahe, vTaiwan: An Empirical Study of Open Consultation Process in Taiwan
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     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
388. HUD, Housing Choice Vouchers: Tenants
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     Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
389. Hudson, Does Public Participation Really Matter? (Policy and Internet, doi:10.1002/poi3.167)
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     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
390. Human Rights Watch, Ballots to Bullets
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     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections

My Vote Forward sources H to I, part 40

My Vote Forward sources 391 to 400:

391. Humanista (UFRGS), Gestão Pública fact-check
     ufrgs.br · source date 2020-10-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
392. ICCPR Article 25, as reproduced by University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
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     Cited on: The framework, Private voting
393. IFES ElectionGuide, British Referendum 2016
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     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
394. IFES ElectionGuide, Colombian Referendum 2016
     electionguide.org · source date 2016-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colombia · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
395. IFES ElectionGuide: Irish Referendum 2018
     electionguide.org · source date 2018-05-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use, Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
396. Imai, Multivariate Regression Analysis for the Item Count Technique, JASA 106(494)
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     Cited on: Opinion and choice
397. Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making
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     Cited on: Misinformation
398. INSEE, Commune de Paris (75056)
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
399. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 25
     ohchr.org · source date 1966-12-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Glossary, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Secrecy: no one can link a voter to a ballot, Seminar guide
400. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 25
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     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Opinion and choice, Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval

My Vote Forward sources I to J, part 41

My Vote Forward sources 401 to 410:

401. International IDEA: Check for constitutionality or legality of initiatives
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     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote
402. International Migration Outlook 2025 infographic (OECD)
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     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
403. Ipsos MORI, Referendum on Scottish Independence: Question Testing
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     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
404. IRS Notice 2025-42 (IRB 2025-36)
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     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
405. IRS, Restriction of political campaign intervention by 501(c)(3) organizations
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     Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
406. Iyengar, Sood, Lelkes, Affect, Not Ideology, Public Opinion Quarterly 76(3)
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407. J. Alex Halderman, Hacking the D.C. Internet Voting Pilot, Freedom to Tinker
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408. Jackson and Mackevicius, The Distribution of School Spending Impacts, NBER WP 28517
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409. Jackson, Johnson and Persico, Money Does Matter After All, Education Next
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410. Jackson, Johnson and Persico, NBER WP 20847
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My Vote Forward sources J to J, part 42

My Vote Forward sources 411 to 420:

411. Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11
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412. Jardim et al., Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle, NBER WP 23532
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413. Jeffrey M. Jones, Gallup, record-high political independents
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414. Johnson and Goldstein, Do Defaults Save Lives? (Science 2003), summary at Deceptive Patterns
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415. Johnson, Carlson, Reynolds, Testing the Participation Hypothesis, Political Behavior (Crossref/Semantic Scholar metadata only)
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416. Jones Day, United States Supreme Court Invalidates IEEPA Tariffs
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417. Jornal do Comércio, Assembleias do OP já receberam mais de 9 mil participantes
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418. Joseph P. Near, David Darais, Naomi Lefkovitz, and Gary S. Howarth, NIST SP 800-226, Guidelines for Evaluating Differential Privacy Guarantees , March 2025. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPu
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419. Juels, Catalano, Jakobsson, Coercion-Resistant Electronic Elections
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420. Justin Levitt, The Truth About Voter Fraud, Brennan Center
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My Vote Forward sources K to K, part 43

My Vote Forward sources 421 to 430:

421. KCRG (AP), Internal audit of 2020 Iowa caucuses
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422. KFF, Medicaid Financing: The Basics
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423. KFF, State Health Insurance Marketplace Types
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424. KFF, Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions
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425. Knobloch, Gastil, Richards, Feller, Evaluation Report on the 2012 CIRs
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426. Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth
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427. Kogan, Lavertu, Peskowitz, Election Timing, Electorate Composition, and Policy Outcomes, AJPS 62(3)
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428. Kristian Gjosteen, The Norwegian Internet Voting Protocol, IACR ePrint 2013/473
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429. Krosnick and Presser, Question and Questionnaire Design, Handbook of Survey Research 2nd ed.
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430. Krueger, Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions, NBER WP 6051
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My Vote Forward sources K to L, part 44

My Vote Forward sources 431 to 440:

431. Kuenneke and Scutelnicu Todoran, PAQ 45(4) (abstract via OpenAlex)
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432. Lackaff, Escaping the Middleman Paradox: Better Reykjavik and Open Policy Innovation, JeDEM 7(2)
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433. Lalley and Weyl, Quadratic Voting (AEA Papers and Proceedings 108)
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434. Landemore, Slate, five lessons from Iceland's failed crowdsourced constitution experiment
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435. Landot et associés blog
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436. Lassiter v. Northampton County Board of Elections, 360 U.S. 45
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437. Latanya Sweeney, "k-anonymity: a model for protecting privacy," International Journal on Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-based Systems 10(5), 2002, pp. 557 to 570. https://dataprivacylab.org/data
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438. LBNL, Queued Up: 2026 Edition
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439. LBNL, U.S. State RPS and CES: 2024 Status Update
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440. LCP, Loi Climat : des représentants du Haut Conseil pour le climat appellent les députés à améliorer le texte
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My Vote Forward sources L to L, part 45

My Vote Forward sources 441 to 450:

441. Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook
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442. LII Wex, Incorporation Doctrine
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443. Lindeman and Stark, A Gentle Introduction to Risk-limiting Audits, IEEE Security and Privacy
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444. Lindeman, McBurnett, Ottoboni, Stark, Next Steps for the Colorado Risk-Limiting Audit (CORLA) Program
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445. Lobbying and Policy Change (publisher description)
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446. Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, No. 22-451
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447. Louisiana v. Callais, No. 24-109
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448. Lowest fiscal year for Border Patrol apprehensions since 1970 (CBP)
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449. Lupia, Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias, APSR 88(1)
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450. Lydia Saad, Gallup, confidence in 2024 vote count
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My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 46

My Vote Forward sources 451 to 460:

451. Madison, The Federalist No. 10 (Avalon Project)
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452. Maine Revised Statutes, Title 21-A, section 723-A, Determination of winner by ranked-choice voting. https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/21-A/title21-Asec723-A.html
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453. Many Americans Say Made-Up News Is a Critical Problem That Needs To Be Fixed
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454. Mapes, Study: Oregon Motor Voter Program Boosted Turnout and Diversity, OPB
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455. Mark Pack, Government changes plans for conduct of EU referendum
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456. Mark Pack, Vote Leave campaign broke law finds Electoral Commission
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457. Marschall and Lappie, Turnout in Local Elections: Is Timing Really Everything?, Election Law Journal
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458. Martin and Yurukoglu, Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization, AER 107(9)
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459. Massachusetts v. EPA syllabus (LII)
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460. McCombs and Shaw, The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, POQ
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My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 47

My Vote Forward sources 461 to 470:

461. McCombs and Shaw, The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media, POQ 36(2)
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462. McCutcheon v. FEC, No. 12-536
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463. McDonald v. City of Chicago
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
464. McGhee et al., A Primary Cause of Partisanship?, AJPS
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465. McGreevy, Irish Citizens' Assembly and their liberal view on right to abortion, ConstitutionNet
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466. McHarg, The referendum and the role of the Electoral Commission
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467. McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, 514 U.S. 334
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468. MDRC, Evaluation of Pretrial Justice System Reforms That Use the Public Safety Assessment
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469. Medill release, News deserts hit new high
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470. Medill, The State of Local News 2025
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My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 48

My Vote Forward sources 471 to 480:

471. Melgar, A Time of Closure? (Journal of Latin American Studies 46(1))
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472. Mercera Silva and Chris Wintemute, U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 and 2025 , released May 2026. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2025/ec
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473. Mernyk, Pink, Druckman, Willer, Correcting inaccurate metaperceptions reduces Americans' support for partisan violence, PNAS 119(16)
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474. Meta newsroom
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475. Meyer v. Grant, 486 U.S. 414
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476. Microsoft Learn, "Threats: Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool" (STRIDE model). https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/develop/threat-modeling-tool-threats
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477. Mid-Decade Congressional Redistricting: Key Issues (CRS IF13082)
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478. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government, ch. X
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479. Mill, On Liberty, ch. I
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480. Miller, Johnson, Wherry, Medicaid and Mortality, NBER WP 26081
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My Vote Forward sources M to M, part 49

My Vote Forward sources 481 to 490:

481. Ministère de la Justice press release
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482. Ministry of the Interior, Advertisement of the results of the referendum on 20 October 2012
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483. Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky
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484. Missouri RSMo 290.502
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     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
485. MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Voter Confidence
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486. MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Voter Turnout
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487. MIT Election Lab, Survey of the Performance of American Elections
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488. MIT News, Study: Preschool Gives a Big Boost to College Attendance
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489. Montana Constitution Art. II Sec. 10
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490. Moore and Sawhney (Voatz), Under the Hood: The West Virginia Mobile Voting Pilot (vendor authored)
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My Vote Forward sources M to N, part 50

My Vote Forward sources 491 to 500:

491. Moore v. Harper, No. 21-1271
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
492. More in Common, The Perception Gap
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493. More Speech and Fewer Mistakes
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     Cited on: Misinformation
494. Most Americans favor restrictions on false information, violent content online
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     Cited on: Misinformation
495. Mullin v. Al Otro Lado, No. 25-5 (U.S. Supreme Court)
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     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
496. Murthy v. Missouri
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     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
497. Murthy v. Missouri, No. 23-411
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     Cited on: Misinformation
498. NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 357 U.S. 449
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499. NAGB, Nation's Report Card: Decline in Reading, Progress in Math
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500. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy, 2018. https://doi.org/10.17226/25120
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     Cited on: Seminar guide

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 51

My Vote Forward sources 501 to 510:

501. National Academies, Securing the Vote: New Report
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     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The framework, Private voting, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed, Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting
502. National Academies, Securing the Vote: Protecting American Democracy
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     Cited on: Seminar guide
503. National Archives, 19th Amendment
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     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how
504. National Assessment Governing Board, Civics Framework for the 2018 NAEP
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     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
505. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Recall of State Officials," updated August 27, 2025. https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/recall-of-state-officials
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506. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Risk-Limiting Audits," updated September 6, 2024. https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/risk-limiting-audits
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507. National Research Council, The Growth of Incarceration in the United States (Summary)
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
508. NATO, Defence expenditures and NATO's 5% commitment
     nato.int · source date 2026-06-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: NATO · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
509. NATO, The Hague Summit Declaration
     nato.int · source date 2025-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: NATO · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
510. Naturalization Statistics (USCIS)
     uscis.gov · source date 2025-01-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 52

My Vote Forward sources 511 to 520:

511. NBC News report of CBO estimate
     nbcnews.com · source date 2025-10-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
512. NBER, Oregon Health Insurance Experiment
     nber.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
513. NCES Fast Facts: Back-to-School Statistics
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
514. NCES Fast Facts: Charter Schools
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
515. NCES, NAEP Achievement Levels
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
516. NCES, NAEP Civics 2022 Highlights
     nationsreportcard.gov · source date n.d. (2022 assessment) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
517. NCES, NAEP Civics overview
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
518. NCES, Public School Revenue Sources
     nces.ed.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
519. NCHS Data Brief 548, Mortality in the United States, 2024
     cdc.gov · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
520. NCSL, Access to and Use of Voter Registration Lists
     ncsl.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 53

My Vote Forward sources 521 to 530:

521. NCSL, Automatic Voter Registration
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-08-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
522. NCSL, Certificate of Need State Laws
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-04-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
523. NCSL, Changes to State Primary Elections Since 2000
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: WA, CA, AK · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
524. NCSL, Initiative and Referendum Processes
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-11-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), U.S. states · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Proposals, Who decides government and rights, Agenda capture, Ballot item: a proposal or contest that has qualified for the ballot, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot, Initiative: citizens propose a law and put it to a vote, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Referendum: a question put directly to voters
525. NCSL, Poll Watchers and Challengers
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Voter intimidation: pressure on voters and on the people who run elections
526. NCSL, Post-Election Audits
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems, Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Chain of custody: a documented record of who held what, and when, Risk-limiting audit: statistical evidence that the winner is right
527. NCSL, Preregistration for Young Voters
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-02-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
528. NCSL, Prohibiting Private Funding of Elections
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Election administration funding: paying for the machinery of voting
529. NCSL, Right-to-Work Resources
     ncsl.org · source date 2023-12-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
530. NCSL, Same-Day Voter Registration
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-03-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 54

My Vote Forward sources 531 to 540:

531. NCSL, State Primaries Toolkit
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Louisiana · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
532. NCSL, State Primary Election Types
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-05-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (state law), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
533. NCSL, Table 18: States With All-Mail Elections
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-08-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
534. NCSL, Voter ID Laws
     ncsl.org · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts
535. Nemec et al., The Return of Coppersmith's Attack, CCS 2017
     crocs.fi.muni.cz · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
536. NERC, 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment
     nerc.com · source date 2026-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: North America · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
537. Neumark and Shirley, Myth or Measurement, NBER WP 28388
     nber.org · source date 2022-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
538. New Jersey Constitution, Art. I para. 11
     njleg.state.nj.us · source date amended eff. 2017-01-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides, Education: who decides
539. New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn. v. Bruen
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2022-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
540. Nextgov, West Virginia Scraps Voatz Mobile Voting App
     nextgov.com · source date 2020-03-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 55

My Vote Forward sources 541 to 550:

541. Nez, Mouvements 74 (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
542. NFIB v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2012-06-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: who decides
543. NIC, Foreign Threats to the 2020 US Federal Elections, ICA 2020-00078D
     archive.dni.gov · source date 2021-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
544. Niessen and Reuchamps, Parliamentary Affairs 75(1)
     academic.oup.com · source date 2022-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
545. NIJ, Five Things About Deterrence
     nij.ojp.gov · source date 2016-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
546. Niskanen Center event transcript
     niskanencenter.org · source date 2019-01-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / states · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
547. NIST CMVP
     csrc.nist.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
548. NIST Computer Security Resource Center, Glossary, "identity" (definitions from SP 800-63-4, SP 800-63A-4, FIPS 201-3 and others). https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/identity
     csrc.nist.gov
     Cited on: Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person
549. NIST Computer Security Resource Center, Glossary, "threat modeling" (from NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5). https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/threat_modeling
     csrc.nist.gov
     Cited on: Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
550. NIST CSRC glossary, authentication (SP 800-63-4)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Glossary, Authentication: proving control of an account

My Vote Forward sources N to N, part 56

My Vote Forward sources 551 to 560:

551. NIST CSRC glossary, identity proofing (SP 800-63-4)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person
552. NIST CSRC glossary, synthetic data generation (SP 800-188)
     csrc.nist.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Glossary, Synthetic data: artificial records made to resemble real data
553. NIST SP 800-161r1
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2022-05 (updated 2024-11-01) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
554. NIST SP 800-193 Platform Firmware Resiliency Guidelines
     csrc.nist.gov · source date 2018-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove
555. NIST SP 800-63-4 Digital Identity Guidelines
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Private voting, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration
556. NIST SP 800-63A-4 and SP 800-63-4
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person, Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person
557. NIST SP 800-63B-4 sec. 3.2.3; SP 800-63-4 sec. 2.3.1
     pages.nist.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal guidance), United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Glossary, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Authentication: proving control of an account, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential, Seminar guide
558. NIST, SP 800-63-4, Digital Identity Guidelines. https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-4/sp800-63.html
     pages.nist.gov
     Cited on: Identity proofing: tying an account to a real person, Identity: the attributes that describe a particular person
559. NJ Civic Information Consortium, About
     njcivicinfo.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New Jersey · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
560. NOAA, 2024 was the world's warmest year on record
     noaa.gov · source date 2025-01-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: global · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources N to O, part 57

My Vote Forward sources 561 to 570:

561. NPR via KUNC, Colorado Launches First-In-The-Nation Post-Election Audits
     kunc.org · source date 2017-11-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Colorado, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
562. NTIA, BEAD Program
     ntia.gov · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
563. NY Attorney General press release
     ag.ny.gov · source date 2026-03-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
564. NY OAG: Fake Comments report
     ag.ny.gov · source date 2021-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal rulemaking), United States (New York AG investigation of FCC proceeding) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
565. NYC Civic Engagement Commission, About
     nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
566. NYC Civic Engagement Commission, home
     nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
567. NYC Council, FY 2027 PB results press release
     council.nyc.gov · source date 2026-05-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
568. NYC Council, Participatory Budgeting
     council.nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget, Resource allocation: dividing a fixed amount across items
569. ODIHR, Estonia Parliamentary Elections 3 March 2019, EET Final Report
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
570. ODIHR, Estonia Parliamentary Elections 5 March 2023, EET Final Report
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2023-08-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate

My Vote Forward sources O to O, part 58

My Vote Forward sources 571 to 580:

571. ODIHR, Opinion on the Regulation of Internet Voting, Estonia
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2025-06-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
572. OECD Evaluation Guidelines for Representative Deliberative Processes
     newdemocracy.com.au · source date 2021 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international (OECD) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Evaluation
573. OECD OPSI, Better Reykjavik case entry
     oecd-opsi.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Reykjavik, Iceland · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Better Reykjavik and My Neighborhood: a city's standing channel for resident ideas
574. Official Declaration of the Vote Results on State Ballot Measure
     elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov · source date 2025-11-04 election · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
575. OGP IRM, Assessment of Madrid's 2018-2021 Action Plan
     transparencia.madrid.es · source date 2022 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
576. Online News Act, S.C. 2023, c. 23
     laws-lois.justice.gc.ca · source date 2023-06-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
577. Online opt-in polls can produce misleading results (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-03-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part
578. OPB, Oregon DMV voter registration error reporting
     opb.org · source date 2024-10-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
579. Oregon HB 2001 (2019) overview
     olis.oregonlegislature.gov · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
580. Oregon Legislative Fiscal Office, Issue Review: Oregon Vote by Mail
     oregonlegislature.gov · source date 2020-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon, United States · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources O to P, part 59

My Vote Forward sources 581 to 590:

581. Oregon Secretary of State press release, Supreme Court protects Oregon voters' right to have ballots counted
     apps.oregon.gov · source date 2026-06-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
582. Oregon Secretary of State, Oregon Vote-by-Mail timeline
     sos.oregon.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
583. Oregon Secretary of State, Voter Turnout History: General Election
     sos.oregon.gov · source date 2025-09-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Oregon · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
584. OSCE/ODIHR, Norway Parliamentary Elections 9 September 2013, Election Assessment Mission Final Report
     osce.org · source date 2013-12-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 16 ledger claims
     Cited on: Norway's internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
585. OSCE/ODIHR, Norway's internet voting pilot project held in an open manner (news release on 2011 final report)
     odihr.osce.org · source date 2012-03-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Norway · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Norway's internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
586. Paris Data, Budget participatif: Les projets lauréats
     opendata.paris.fr · source date 2026-10-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
587. Paris Data, Nombre de votants au budget participatif
     opendata.paris.fr · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
588. Parliament of the German-speaking Community, Schriftenreihe Band 23, Auswertung 2019-2024
     static.buergerdialog.be · source date 2025-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: German-speaking Community of Belgium · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ostbelgien's permanent citizens' dialogue (2019 to present)
589. Participatory Budgeting Project, About PB
     participatorybudgeting.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Participatory budgeting: residents decide part of a public budget, Resource allocation: dividing a fixed amount across items
590. Participatory Budgeting Project, What is PB
     participatorybudgeting.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 60

My Vote Forward sources 591 to 600:

591. Participedia, Constitutional Assembly (Iceland)
     participedia.net · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
592. Persson, Esaiasson, Gilljam, The effects of direct voting and deliberation on legitimacy beliefs, EPSR
     gup.ub.gu.se · source date 2012 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: study site not stated in abstract (University of Gothenburg authors) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Evaluation
593. Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker, How does health spending in the U.S. compare
     healthsystemtracker.org · source date 2026-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and OECD peers · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Health and Care: what the evidence shows
594. Pew Research Center, 2012 Republican primary voters more conservative than GOP general election voters
     pewresearch.org · source date 2016-01-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
595. Pew Research Center, 2024 validated voters analysis
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (adult citizens) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
596. Pew Research Center, About
     pewresearch.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
597. Pew Research Center, Americans See Health Care Costs, Deficit, Inflation as Big Problems Facing the Nation
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-05-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
598. Pew Research Center, Americans' Shifting Views on Energy Sources, Policy in 2026
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-04-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy
599. Pew Research Center, Americans' Top Policy Priority for 2024
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-02-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (national) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Education, Economy and Work, Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
600. Pew Research Center, As Partisan Hostility Grows, Signs of Frustration With the Two-Party System
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-08-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 61

My Vote Forward sources 601 to 610:

601. Pew Research Center, As the 2026 Midterms Approach, Economy Is Front and Center
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-07-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Economy and Work
602. Pew Research Center, Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage fact sheet
     pewresearch.org · source date 2019 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What happens when someone changes their position?
603. Pew Research Center, More Americans now say government should take steps to restrict false information online than in 2018
     pewresearch.org · source date 2021-08-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence
604. Pew Research Center, Most Americans say government has a responsibility to ensure health care coverage
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-12-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
605. Pew Research Center, No Easy Fix for Bogus Respondents in Online Opt-In Polls (methodology)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-08-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (survey methods) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Can wealthy or organized groups dominate a priority-setting system?, What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?
606. Pew Research Center, Political Polarization in the American Public
     pewresearch.org · source date 2014-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national adults) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
607. Pew Research Center, public trust in government trend page
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-12-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence
608. Pew Research Center, Republicans have become less likely to say NATO membership benefits the US
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-04-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
609. Pew Research Center, Satisfaction with democracy has declined in recent years in high-income nations
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-06-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: 31 countries · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Government and rights, the evidence
610. Pew Research Center, Turnout in 2022 House midterms declined from 2018 high
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-03-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 62

My Vote Forward sources 611 to 620:

611. Pew Research Center, voters' evaluations of the 2024 election process
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-12-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (adults; self-reported voters) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
612. Pew Research Center, What Are Americans' Top Foreign Policy Priorities?
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-04-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
613. Pew Research Center, With Americans in a Sour Mood, Democratic Voters Are More Engaged in Midterms
     pewresearch.org · source date 2026-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy
614. Pew Research Center, Writing Survey Questions
     pewresearch.org · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, US, general, not applicable, United States (survey methods) · 29 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Question design, Opinion and choice, Evaluation, Start here, Priorities, Opinions, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Agenda capture, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, What happens when someone changes their position?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Ballot measure: a question that appears on an official ballot, Opinion: a stated view on a worded question, Priority: a judgment of what deserves attention first, Proposal: a specific plan for public action, Referendum: a question put directly to voters, Salience: how prominent an issue is in attention
615. Pew, Americans' Changing Relationship With Local News
     pewresearch.org · source date 2024-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
616. Pew, Americans' Dismal Views of the Nation's Politics
     pewresearch.org · source date 2023-09-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Problems, Money in politics
617. Pew, Congress has long struggled to pass spending bills on time
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-10-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Problems
618. Pew, Finding 60 votes in an evenly divided Senate
     pewresearch.org · source date 2022-08-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States Senate · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
619. Pew, U.S. newsroom employment has fallen 26% since 2008
     pewresearch.org · source date 2021-07-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
620. Plyler v. Doe (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1982-06-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 63

My Vote Forward sources 621 to 630:

621. PoliticsHome
     politicshome.com · source date 2019-07-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
622. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Assembleias do OP ocorrem a partir de outubro
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date 2022-08-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
623. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Orçamento Participativo
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
624. Prefeitura de Porto Alegre, Orçamento real é defendido em assembleia temática do OP
     prefeitura.poa.br · source date 2019-10-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Porto Alegre, Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
625. Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for FY2024 (GovInfo)
     govinfo.gov · source date 2023-09-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
626. Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for FY2027 (No. 2026-24)
     public-inspection.federalregister.gov · source date 2026-09-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
627. Press Forward, About
     pressforward.news · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
628. Preventing Regulatory Capture: Introduction
     tobinproject.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Theory, mainly United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture
629. Prime Minister's letter to Donald Tusk
     gov.uk · source date 2017-03-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
630. Princeton University Press, Democracy for Realists
     press.princeton.edu · source date 2017 (paperback) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Seminar guide

My Vote Forward sources P to P, part 64

My Vote Forward sources 631 to 640:

631. Printz v. United States (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1997-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
632. Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media
     doi.org · source date 2022-08-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States and online samples · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
633. Public Financing of Campaigns: Overview
     ncsl.org · source date 2025-09-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
634. Public funding of presidential elections
     fec.gov · source date n.d. (2024 figures) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
635. Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference (Canada)
     foreigninterferencecommission.ca · source date 2025-01-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
636. Public Interest Organizations' Request for Rehearing, Order 202-25-7
     energy.gov · source date 2025-09-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: what the evidence shows
637. Public Law 107-40 (2001 AUMF)
     congress.gov · source date 2001-09-18 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs
638. Public Law 113-3
     govinfo.gov · source date 2013-02-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock
639. Public Law 117-58
     govinfo.gov · source date 2021-11-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
640. Public Law 119-16
     govinfo.gov · source date 2025-06-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides

My Vote Forward sources P to R, part 65

My Vote Forward sources 641 to 650:

641. Public Sénat, Environnement dans la Constitution
     publicsenat.fr · source date 2021-05-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: France's Citizens' Convention for Climate (2019 to 2021)
642. R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU [2017] UKSC 5
     supremecourt.uk · source date 2017-01-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
643. R (Miller) v The Prime Minister [2019] UKSC 41 press summary
     caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk · source date 2019-09-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
644. RAND, The Challenges of Defining and Measuring Defensive Gun Use
     rand.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
645. RAND, What Science Tells Us About the Effects of Gun Policies
     rand.org · source date 2026-01-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
646. Redistricting Commissions for Congressional Districts (CRS IN11053)
     everycrsreport.com · source date 2026-03-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
647. Reed, Reevaluating the Vote Market Hypothesis, Social Science History 38(3-4)
     cambridge.org · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
648. Reference by the Lord Advocate [2022] UKSC 31
     caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk · source date 2022-11-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
649. Referendum Commission, 34th Amendment (Marriage Equality) 2015 result
     referendum.ie · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
650. Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Art. 4(11) (reproduced at gdpr-info.eu)
     gdpr-info.eu · source date 2016-04-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: European Union · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Glossary, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Consent: agreement to a specific use of information

My Vote Forward sources R to S, part 66

My Vote Forward sources 651 to 660:

651. Reitman v. Mulkey, 387 U.S. 369
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1967-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, California · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
652. Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Non-Probability Sampling
     aapor.org · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: general · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measurement, Opt-in sample: people who chose to take part, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population
653. Reshares on social media amplify political news but do not detectably affect beliefs or opinions
     doi.org · source date 2023-07-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Facebook) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
654. Response rates in telephone surveys have resumed their decline (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2019-02-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: US · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Measurement, Nonresponse bias: when those who answer differ from those who do not, Weighting: adjusting a sample to match a population
655. RFC 6962, Certificate Transparency
     rfc-editor.org · source date 2013-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International (IETF) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?
656. Rhode Island RLA Working Group, RLA pilot study, Brennan Center
     brennancenter.org · source date 2019-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Rhode Island · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Trust in elections: why confidence and accuracy are different problems
657. Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1996-05-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, Colorado, United States (federal) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Does a majority decide anyone's rights in this framework?
658. Royo, Pina and Garcia-Rayado, Decide Madrid: A Critical Analysis of an Award-Winning e-Participation Initiative, Sustainability 12(4)
     ideas.repec.org · source date 2020-02-24 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Madrid, Spain · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Decide Madrid: citizen proposals, a city vote and a short-lived sortition body
659. Rucho v. Common Cause, No. 18-422
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
660. Sabin Center, Widespread Local Opposition... Continues to Hamper Renewable Energy Development
     blogs.law.columbia.edu · source date 2026-09-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Environment and energy, Environment and energy: who decides, Environment and energy: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 67

My Vote Forward sources 661 to 670:

661. SAMHSA press release, 2024 NSDUH
     samhsa.gov · source date 2025-07-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
662. San Antonio ISD v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1973-03-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
663. Sawer, Inventing the Nation Through the Ballot Box, Papers on Parliament No. 37
     aph.gov.au · source date 2001-09-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Australia; United Kingdom · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
664. Schleicher, OECD, Education at a Glance 2025: United States (presentation)
     hoover-s3-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com · source date 2025-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States / OECD · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
665. Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido, NBER w14817
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     Cited on: The collapse of local news
666. Sciarini et al., The Underexplored Species, SPSR 22(1)
     archive-ouverte.unige.ch · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
667. Scotland Act 1998 (Modification of Schedule 5) Order 2013
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013-02-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
668. Scotland Act 2016 s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2016 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
669. Scottish Independence Referendum (Franchise) Act 2013 s.2
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
670. Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013 Explanatory Notes
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 68

My Vote Forward sources 671 to 680:

671. Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013 s.1
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
672. SECO, Erläuternder Bericht Ausführungsbestimmungen zur Änderung des Ausländergesetzes vom 16. Dezember 2016
     newsd.admin.ch · source date 2017-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
673. SEM, Stellenmeldepflicht
     sem.admin.ch · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
674. Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2025-05-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
675. Seventh Annual Report on the Implementation of the Scotland Act 2016, CP 846
     assets.publishing.service.gov.uk · source date 2023-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Scotland, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum
676. Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 529
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2013-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how, Who decides government and rights, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
677. Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online
     doi.org · source date 2021-03-17 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
678. Sihotang, Public Management Review 26(11) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
679. Small et al., Polis: Scaling Deliberation by Mapping High Dimensional Opinion Spaces, Recerca 26(2)
     e-revistes.uji.es · source date 2021-07-22 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
680. Solove, Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma, 126 Harv. L. Rev. 1880
     harvardlawreview.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: not applicable · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 69

My Vote Forward sources 681 to 690:

681. Southwest Land Border Encounters (CBP)
     cbp.gov · source date current · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
682. Specter, Koppel and Weitzner, Security Analysis of Voatz
     internetpolicy.mit.edu · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
683. Specter, Koppel, Weitzner, The Ballot is Busted Before the Blockchain, USENIX Security 2020
     usenix.org · source date 2020-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (West Virginia) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
684. SpeechNow.org v. FEC
     fec.gov · source date 2010-03-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (D.C. Circuit) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
685. Springall et al., Security Analysis of the Estonian Internet Voting System, CCS 2014
     estoniaevoting.org · source date 2014-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Estonia (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate
686. Squire, Why the 1936 Literary Digest Poll Failed, POQ 52(1)
     academic.oup.com · source date 1988 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (research) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What if most people never participate?
687. Stanford Center for Deliberative Democracy, What is Deliberative Polling?
     deliberation.stanford.edu · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General / South Korea example, General (research method) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Opinions, What happens when someone changes their position?, What if most people never participate?, Is My Vote Forward just a poll with extra steps?, Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Deliberative poll: a random sample surveyed before and after deliberating
688. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Democracy," first published July 27, 2006, substantive revision June 18, 2024. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democracy/
     plato.stanford.edu
     Cited on: Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Deliberative poll: a random sample surveyed before and after deliberating, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
689. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Arrow's Theorem
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2025-12-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (formal theory) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: The framework, Priorities, Ranking: an ordering from most to least important
690. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Political Representation
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2026-06-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General (political theory) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Representation, Representation: acting on behalf of others

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 70

My Vote Forward sources 691 to 700:

691. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Ethics and Rationality of Voting
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2025-02-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a (philosophy) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does
692. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Social Choice Theory (List)
     plato.stanford.edu · source date 2022-10-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: n/a (theory), none · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Agenda-setting: shaping which issues get attention, Ranking: an ordering from most to least important
693. Stark and Xie, They may look and look, yet not see: BMDs cannot be tested adequately
     arxiv.org · source date 2022-07-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Colorado's risk-limiting audits: statistical evidence from paper ballots
694. Statement from the Citizens' Assembly
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2018-02-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
695. States Offering Driver's Licenses to Immigrants (NCSL)
     ncsl.org · source date 2023-03-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
696. Statistical Summary of 24-Month Campaign Activity of the 2023-2024 Election Cycle
     fec.gov · source date 2025-04-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
697. Statistics Iceland, Referendum 20 October 2012
     statice.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
698. Stortinget, Innst. 287 L (2014-2015), recommendation of the Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs
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     Cited on: Norway's internet voting trials: 2011 and 2013
699. Strasser, Volk bestätigt bilateralen Weg und Personenfreizügigkeit klar, Swissvotes
     swissvotes.ch · source date 2020 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
700. Stuart Weir, review on openDemocracy
     opendemocracy.net · source date 2010-01-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Seminar guide

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 71

My Vote Forward sources 701 to 710:

701. Su, From Porto Alegre to New York City, New Political Science 39(1) (abstract via OpenAlex)
     doi.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
702. Su, Participatory Budgeting in New York City, Metropolitics
     metropolitics.org · source date 2014-12-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
703. Swiss Federal Chancellery, E-voting
     bk.admin.ch · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident, Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde, Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
704. Swiss Federal Chancellery, E-Voting-Versuchsbetrieb: Weiteres Vorgehen nach dem Vorfall in Basel-Stadt
     admin.ch · source date 2026-03-11 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
705. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Federal Chancellery to review e-voting
     admin.ch · source date 2019-03-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
706. Swiss Federal Chancellery, media releases e-voting (list)
     bk.admin.ch · source date 2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
707. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Public intrusion test for e-voting to take place in February and March
     admin.ch · source date 2019-02-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
708. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Release of source code leads to discovery of flaw in Swiss Post's new e-voting system
     admin.ch · source date 2019-03-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
709. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Security in e-voting
     bk.admin.ch · source date undated (current) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
710. Swiss Federal Chancellery, Volksabstimmung vom 8. Maerz 2026: Elektronisch abgegebene Stimmen im Kanton Basel-Stadt womoeglich nicht zaehlbar
     admin.ch · source date 2026-03-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Basel-Stadt) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident

My Vote Forward sources S to S, part 72

My Vote Forward sources 711 to 720:

711. Swiss Federal Council, e-voting: Federal Council launches redesign of trials
     admin.ch · source date 2020-12-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
712. Swiss Federal Council, E-voting: New legislation comes into force
     admin.ch · source date 2022-05-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
713. Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council approves resumption of online voting trials
     admin.ch · source date 2023-03-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
714. Swiss Federal Council, Federal Council to reframe trial phase and delay introduction as a regular voting channel
     admin.ch · source date 2019-06-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
715. Swiss Federal Council, The Federal Council renews basic licences for online voting
     admin.ch · source date 2025-06-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
716. Swissinfo, most Swiss do actually vote
     swissinfo.ch · source date 2016-02-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (Geneva) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
717. Swissinfo, Most Swiss expats to lose e-voting access in parliament elections
     swissinfo.ch · source date 2019-06-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's e-voting trials: suspension, redesign, and the 2026 Basel-Stadt incident
718. Swissinfo, Swiss Post set to relaunch its e-voting system
     swissinfo.ch · source date 2020-06-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
719. Swissvotes, Änderung der Finanzordnung
     swissvotes.ch · source date 1970-11-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
720. Swissvotes, Begrenzungsinitiative
     swissvotes.ch · source date 2020-09-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde

My Vote Forward sources S to T, part 73

My Vote Forward sources 721 to 730:

721. Swissvotes, Einführung des Frauenstimmrechts
     swissvotes.ch · source date 1971-02-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
722. Swissvotes, Volksinitiative Gegen Masseneinwanderung
     swissvotes.ch · source date 2014-02-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (federal) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
723. Swissvotes: Volksinitiative Gegen den Bau von Minaretten
     swissvotes.ch · source date 2009-11-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland, Switzerland (federal) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Switzerland's direct democracy: initiatives, referendums, the double majority and the Landsgemeinde
724. Taiwan Anti-Infiltration Act
     law.moj.gov.tw · source date 2020-01-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote
725. Tax Foundation, State Strategies for Closing FY 2020 with a Balanced Budget
     taxfoundation.org · source date 2020-04-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Tradeoffs
726. Texas Secretary of State, Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current)
     sos.state.tx.us · source date n.d. (data through 2024) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Texas · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Low turnout in local elections: when a small and unrepresentative electorate decides
727. The 74, The Massive Collapse in College Confidence Isn't Getting Any Better
     the74million.org · source date 2026-07-16 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: evidence
728. The Ballot Act 1872 (c. 33)
     legislation.gov.uk · source date 1872 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The secret ballot: how private voting became a public safeguard
729. The Citizens' Assembly, 2013-2014 Convention on the Constitution
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
730. The Citizens' Assembly, 2016-2018 Citizens' Assembly
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Does a majority decide anyone's rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?, What if most people never participate?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 74

My Vote Forward sources 731 to 740:

731. The Citizens' Assembly, Citizens' Assembly on Biodiversity Loss
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
732. The Citizens' Assembly, Citizens' Assembly on Drugs Use
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
733. The Citizens' Assembly, Citizens' Assembly on Gender Equality
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
734. The Citizens' Assembly, Dublin Citizens' Assembly
     citizensassembly.ie · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Ireland's citizens' assemblies: randomly selected citizens before national votes
735. The Citizens' Assembly, Terms of Reference
     citizensassembly.ie · source date 2016-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Ireland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting, Citizens' assembly: a randomly selected body that deliberates and recommends, Deliberation: reasoned discussion before a decision, Sortition: selecting public decision-makers by lot
736. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration, Summary (National Academies)
     nationalacademies.org · source date 2017 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
737. The Federalist No. 51 (Avalon Project)
     avalon.law.yale.edu · source date 1788-02-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Government and rights
738. The Federalist No. 73
     avalon.law.yale.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (historical) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Gridlock and legislative deadlock, Problems
739. The global effectiveness of fact-checking
     doi.org · source date 2021-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Argentina, Nigeria, South Africa, United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
740. The GovLab, CrowdLaw for Congress, vTaiwan case study
     congress.crowd.law · source date 2020-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan (national) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 75

My Vote Forward sources 741 to 750:

741. The Labor Market Effects of a Refugee Wave (Peri and Yasenov, NBER w21801)
     nber.org · source date 2015 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Miami) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
742. The Nation's Report Card, NAEP Civics national achievement-level results, grade 8
     nationsreportcard.gov · source date n.d. (2022 assessment) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
743. The People's Money, 1st Cycle
     participate.nyc.gov · source date 2022-2024 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
744. The People's Money, 2nd Cycle
     participate.nyc.gov · source date 2023-2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
745. The People's Money, 3rd Cycle
     participate.nyc.gov · source date 2024-2026 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
746. The People's Money, 4th Cycle
     participate.nyc.gov · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
747. The People's Money, participate.nyc.gov
     participate.nyc.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: New York City · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: New York City participatory budgeting: council districts, The People's Money and what the evidence shows
748. The simple but ingenious system Taiwan uses to crowdsource its laws (MIT Technology Review)
     technologyreview.com · source date 2018-08-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan, Taiwan (national) · 9 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Collective priorities: how individual rankings become a group picture, and what that picture cannot say, vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules
749. The spread of true and false news online
     doi.org · source date 2018-03 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Twitter, global · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Misinformation
750. The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: Additional Evidence (Borjas, NBER w21850)
     nber.org · source date 2016-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (Miami) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources T to T, part 76

My Vote Forward sources 751 to 760:

751. Thomas Burgisser (Dodis), Outwardly open, inwardly closed, Swiss National Museum blog
     italia-svizzera.dodis.ch · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Switzerland (history) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Does a majority decide anyone's rights in this framework?, Can an institution lawfully ignore a public result?
752. Thompson, Wu, Yoder and Hall, Universal vote-by-mail has no impact on partisan turnout or vote share, PNAS 117(25)
     law.ucla.edu · source date 2020-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: California, Utah, Washington · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
753. Thorarensen, Why the making of a crowd-sourced Constitution in Iceland failed
     constitutional-change.com · source date 2014-02-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament
754. Threat Modeling Manifesto working group, "Threat Modeling Manifesto." https://www.threatmodelingmanifesto.org/
     threatmodelingmanifesto.org
     Cited on: Threat model: a structured account of what could go wrong
755. Timbs v. Indiana
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2019-02-20 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
756. Tocqueville, Democracy in America Vol. I ch. XV (Reeve tr.)
     gutenberg.org · source date 1835 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
757. Tom Loveless, The NAEP proficiency myth, Brookings
     brookings.edu · source date 2016-06-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (commentary) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: What the national civics test measures, and what it cannot
758. Touchton and Wampler, Improving Social Well-Being Through New Democratic Institutions, CPS 47(10)
     scholarworks.boisestate.edu · source date 2014 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Participation between elections: referendums, consultation, and participatory budgeting
759. Trail of Bits, Voatz Security Assessment, Volume I: Technical Findings
     github.com · source date 2020-03-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
760. Transit Costs Project Final Report
     transitcosts.com · source date 2023 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: International · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows

My Vote Forward sources T to U, part 77

My Vote Forward sources 761 to 770:

761. Trump v. Barbara, No. 25-365 (U.S. Supreme Court)
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2026-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
762. Trump v. Hawaii (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2018-06-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
763. Trust in Media at New Low
     news.gallup.com · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Misinformation
764. Two Faces of Power
     cambridge.org · source date 1962-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Theory (United States) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Agenda capture
765. U.S. Census Bureau, "2020 Census Apportionment Results," April 2021. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html
     census.gov
     Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
766. U.S. Census Bureau, "Computing Apportionment." https://www.census.gov/topics/public-sector/congressional-apportionment/about/computing.html
     census.gov
     Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
767. U.S. Census Bureau, "Congressional Apportionment." https://www.census.gov/topics/public-sector/congressional-apportionment.html
     census.gov
     Cited on: Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
768. U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 Presidential Election Voting and Registration Tables release
     census.gov · source date 2025-04-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (citizen voting-age population) · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Ballot access: the practical steps between being eligible and casting a vote that counts, Unequal participation: who votes, who does not, and whether it changes what government does, Participation: taking part in a civic process, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
769. U.S. Census Bureau, Differential Privacy (marked no longer current)
     census.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?, Aggregate: a summary that does not show any individual's answer, Differential privacy: a mathematical limit on what a release reveals
770. U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 & 2025
     census.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 8 ledger claims
     Cited on: Private voting, Participation over time, Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life, Health and Care: who decides, Who decides government and rights, Government and rights, the evidence, Housing and Communities: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 78

My Vote Forward sources 771 to 780:

771. U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report: 2022 and 2025
     cdn.www.census.gov · source date 2026-05 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides
772. U.S. Census Bureau, Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2024 (P60-288)
     census.gov · source date 2025-09-09 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Health and Care: what the evidence shows
773. U.S. Census Bureau, Median Household Income in 2025 Surpassed Previous Highs
     census.gov · source date 2026-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
774. U.S. Census Bureau, Poverty in the United States: 2025 (P60-290)
     census.gov · source date 2026-09-15 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work, Economy and Work: evidence
775. U.S. Census Bureau, Public School Spending Per Pupil Increased in 2024 (CB26-TPS.29)
     census.gov · source date 2026-05-07 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Education, Education: who decides, Education: evidence
776. U.S. Census Bureau, Quarterly Residential Vacancies and Homeownership Q2 2026
     census.gov · source date 2026-07-28 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Housing and Communities: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Housing and Communities: what the evidence shows
777. U.S. Census Bureau, Voting and Registration in the Election of November 2024, Table 1 (vote01_2024.xlsx downloaded from table page)
     census.gov · source date 2025-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
778. U.S. Constitution Article I
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1789 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (national) · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Who decides government and rights, Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Environment and energy: who decides, Economy and Work: who decides, Apportionment: dividing House seats among the states
779. U.S. Constitution Fourteenth Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1868 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides, Who decides government and rights
780. U.S. Constitution, 26th Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1971 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 79

My Vote Forward sources 781 to 790:

781. U.S. Constitution, Amendment I
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1791 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides government and rights
782. U.S. Constitution, Amendment X
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1791 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Government and rights, Who decides government and rights, Environment and energy: who decides, Safety and Justice: who decides
783. U.S. Constitution, Article II
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Who decides defense and foreign affairs, Safety and Justice: who decides
784. U.S. Constitution, Article V
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1788 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Who decides government and rights
785. U.S. Constitution, Eighth Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
786. U.S. Constitution, Fourth Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
787. U.S. Constitution, Second Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
788. U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
789. U.S. DOJ Civil Rights Division, The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
     justice.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached, West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed
790. U.S. DOL WHD, State Minimum Wage Laws
     dol.gov · source date 2026-07-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (states), Washington · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides, Economy and Work: evidence

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 80

My Vote Forward sources 791 to 800:

791. U.S. DOL, Unemployment Insurance
     dol.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (national) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
792. U.S. EAC, End-to-End (E2E) Protocol Evaluation Process
     eac.gov · source date 2025-12-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 4 ledger claims
     Cited on: Private voting, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Security: three layers that must not be confused, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, End-to-end verifiable voting: cryptographic evidence without revealing votes, Verification: checking that something is what it claims to be
793. U.S. EAC, Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
     eac.gov · source date VVSG 2.0 adopted 2021-02-10 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 5 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, The framework, Private voting, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Security: three layers that must not be confused
794. U.S. Election Assistance Commission, "Chain of Custody Best Practices," version 1.1, July 12, 2021. https://www.eac.gov/election-officials/chain-custody-best-practices
     eac.gov
     Cited on: Audit: an independent check of whether a process produced a correct result, Ballot: the official instrument of a vote, Chain of custody: a documented record of who held what, and when, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll, Voter-verified paper record: the paper a voter can check before casting
795. U.S. Government Accountability Office, "Voters with Disabilities: Observations on Polling Place Accessibility and Related Federal Guidance," GAO-18-4, October 3, 2017, released December 4, 2017. Juris
     gao.gov
     Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
796. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Program Evaluation: Key Terms and Concepts , GAO-21-404SP, March 22, 2021. https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-404sp.pdf
     gao.gov
     Cited on: Effectiveness assessment: does a program achieve its goal?
797. U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents: 2024 (DHS OHSS)
     ohss.dhs.gov · source date 2026-06-04 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
798. U.S. National Archives, Voting Rights Act (1965)
     archives.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Seminar guide, Access and exclusion: who was kept from voting, and how
799. U.S. Population Growth Slows Due to Historic Decline in Net International Migration (Census CB26-20)
     census.gov · source date 2026-01-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
800. U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data, Federal Spending
     fiscaldata.treasury.gov · source date undated · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal), United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Tradeoffs, Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 81

My Vote Forward sources 801 to 810:

801. U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population Reached a Record 14 Million in 2023 (Pew)
     pewresearch.org · source date 2025-08-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Immigration and Citizenship: what the evidence shows
802. UC Berkeley Labor Center, Inventory of US City and County Minimum Wage Ordinances
     laborcenter.berkeley.edu · source date 2026-09-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (local) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Economy and Work: who decides
803. UC Press, The Concept of Representation
     ucpress.edu · source date 1972 (as listed) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: General · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Glossary, Representation: acting on behalf of others, Seminar guide
804. UIC, Dermot Murphy profile
     gfrc.uic.edu · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The collapse of local news
805. UK Government press release
     gov.uk · source date 2016-04-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
806. UK Statistics Authority statement
     uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk · source date 2016-05-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: The 2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum
807. UN Depositary Notification C.N.71.2025
     treaties.un.org · source date 2025-01-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides
808. UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics, A/RES/68/261
     unstats.un.org · source date 2014-01-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international, International · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Published releases: scheduled, reviewed, and the same for everyone, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Can someone be punished for an opinion they share?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?, Aggregate: a summary that does not show any individual's answer, Published release: a scheduled, versioned package of aggregate results
809. UN HRC General Comment No. 25, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7
     digitallibrary.un.org · source date 1996-08-27 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: international · 7 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval
810. UN Statistics Division, COFOG revision
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     Cited on: Subjects: ten provisional areas of public life

My Vote Forward sources U to U, part 82

My Vote Forward sources 811 to 820:

811. Unite America summary of BPC, 2022 Primary Turnout: Trends and Lessons for Boosting Participation
     uniteamerica.org · source date 2023-03-08 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide, Problems
812. Unite America, The Primary Problem
     uniteamerica.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
813. United Nations, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 29, Participation in political and public life, via UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Jurisdiction: internati
     un.org
     Cited on: Disability access: voting privately and independently with a disability
814. United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1938-04-25 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
815. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1995-04-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
816. United States v. Rahimi
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2024-06-21 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
817. United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1987-05-26 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: who decides
818. United States v. Texas (2023) (LII)
     law.cornell.edu · source date 2023-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
819. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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     Cited on: Start here, The framework, Private voting
820. University of Iceland constitutional documentation site, Constitutional Assembly elections
     stjornarskra.hi.is · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Iceland · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources U to V, part 83

My Vote Forward sources 821 to 830:

821. Urban Institute, Criminal Justice Expenditures: Police, Corrections, and Courts
     urban.org · source date 2021 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: who decides
822. Urban Institute, Highway and Road Expenditures
     urban.org · source date n.d. (2021 data) · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 3 ledger claims
     Cited on: Infrastructure and Transport: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Infrastructure and Transport: who decides, Infrastructure and Transport: what the evidence shows
823. USA.gov, Who can and cannot vote
     usa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (federal) · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Does a fingerprint or face scan prove someone is eligible to vote?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?, Eligibility: meeting the legal requirements to vote, Registration: entering an eligible person on the voter roll
824. USCIS Policy Manual Vol. 12 Part E Ch. 2
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     Cited on: Immigration and Citizenship: who decides
825. USSC, 2023 Demographic Differences in Federal Sentencing
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
826. Valimised, Statistics about Internet Voting in Estonia
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     Cited on: Estonia's internet voting: twenty years of binding i-votes, re-voting and the security debate, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed
827. Vassor, The Conversation
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
828. Venice Commission, Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters, CDL-AD(2002)023rev2-cor
     docs-venice.coe.int · source date 2002-10-19 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Council of Europe (advisory) · 12 ledger claims
     Cited on: Privacy: five kinds of data, five sets of rules, Consent: specific, revocable, and never a key to the ballot, Intimidation, coercion, and vote buying, Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Audits and verification: evidence without exposing the vote, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, Jurisdictions: many laws, layered districts, no universal approval, Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, Why should anyone trust the operator of this framework?, Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Who can see my data in My Vote Forward?
829. Venice Commission, Code of Good Practice on Referendums, CDL-AD(2007)008rev-cor
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     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
830. Venice Commission, Opinion on the Draft New Constitution of Iceland, CDL-AD(2013)010
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     Cited on: Iceland's crowdsourced constitution: an open drafting process that stalled in parliament

My Vote Forward sources V to V, part 84

My Vote Forward sources 831 to 840:

831. Verified Voting, Consensus Studies Examining Internet Voting
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     Cited on: Can someone in a household coerce a remote voter?, What happens when the network or the system fails?, Is My Vote Forward an official voting service?
832. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365
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     Cited on: Housing and Communities: who decides
833. Ville de Paris, 10 ans de Budget Participatif
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
834. Ville de Paris, BP 2025: 104 projets lauréats
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
835. Ville de Paris, BP recrutement phase de vote
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
836. Ville de Paris, Budget Participatif
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     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
837. Ville de Paris, Budget Participatif: c'est l'heure de voter
     paris.fr · source date 2025 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: France (Paris) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Paris participatory budget: a decade of resident-chosen investment and its open questions
838. Voelkel et al., Megastudy testing 25 treatments to reduce antidemocratic attitudes and partisan animosity, Science
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     Cited on: Polarization: when disagreement turns into distrust of the other side
839. VotingWorks, Risk-Limiting Audit Report: Georgia Presidential Contest, November 2020
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     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
840. vTaiwan
     info.vtaiwan.tw · source date 2023-12 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Taiwan, Taiwan (national) · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short, Governance: who decides, and how they answer for it, vTaiwan: how a civic tech community built an open consultation process for national rules, Who chooses the ten subjects, and why should anyone accept that list?, Cases: what real participation systems achieved, and where they failed

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 85

My Vote Forward sources 841 to 850:

841. W3C Web Authentication Level 3
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     Cited on: Identity, authentication, eligibility, and registration, Hardware: what devices can and cannot prove, Passkey: a phishing-resistant sign-in credential
842. Waldron, The Core of the Case Against Judicial Review, Yale LJ 115(6)
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     Cited on: Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do
843. Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion , 1922, Project Gutenberg edition. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6456
     gutenberg.org
     Cited on: Opinion: a stated view on a worded question
844. Wampler and Touchton, Designing institutions to improve well-being, EJPR (People Powered summary)
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     Cited on: Porto Alegre participatory budgeting: the original model, its peak and its long decline
845. Washington State Auditor, Evaluating Washington's Ballot Rejection Rates
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     Cited on: Oregon vote by mail: the first all-mail state and what it measured
846. Washington State Constitution
     leg.wa.gov · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Washington · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Education: who decides
847. Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 552 U.S. 442, syllabus
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     Cited on: Primary elections and the few who decide
848. We Draw the Lines (California Citizens Redistricting Commission)
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     Cited on: Gerrymandering
849. West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624
     law.cornell.edu · source date 1943-06-14 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States, United States (federal) · 6 ledger claims
     Cited on: Hard questions about My Vote Forward, Representation, Tyranny of the majority: when the larger number decides what the smaller number may do, Government and rights, Who decides government and rights, Does a majority decide anyone's rights in this framework?
850. West Virginia v. EPA slip opinion
     supremecourt.gov · source date 2022-06-30 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Environment and energy: who decides

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 86

My Vote Forward sources 851 to 860:

851. What Works Clearinghouse (IES/NCEE)
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     Cited on: Tradeoffs
852. When Citizens Decide: Lessons from Citizen Assemblies on Electoral Reform
     academic.oup.com · source date 2011-06-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Canada; Netherlands · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: British Columbia's Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform (2003 to 2009)
853. When Do the Rich Win? (research summary)
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     Cited on: Money in politics
854. Why has Participatory Budgeting Declined in Brazil? (Brazilian Political Science Review 16(2))
     scielo.br · source date 2022-05-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Brazil · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Comparative cases: what participation systems have achieved and where they fell short
855. Why Hasn't Democracy Slowed Rising Inequality?
     aeaweb.org · source date 2013 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
856. Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?
     nber.org · source date 2003-01 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Money in politics
857. Why the backfire effect does not explain the durability of political misperceptions
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     Cited on: Misinformation
858. Widespread partisan gerrymandering mostly cancels nationally, but reduces electoral competition
     doi.org · source date 2023-06-13 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States (House) · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Gerrymandering
859. Wikimedia Foundation, Financial reports
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     Cited on: Who funds My Vote Forward, and could money shape it?
860. Wikipedia, 2024 Romanian presidential election (secondary)
     en.wikipedia.org · source date 2024-12-06 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Romania · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Foreign interference: outside governments trying to shape another country's vote

My Vote Forward sources W to W, part 87

My Vote Forward sources 861 to 870:

861. Wikipedia, Results of the 2016 UK EU membership referendum (figures as reported by the Electoral Commission)
     en.wikipedia.org · source date 2016-06-23 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United Kingdom · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Referendum failures: when asking everyone produces an answer nobody can use
862. Wikipedia, Social Choice and Individual Values
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     Cited on: Seminar guide
863. Wikipedia, Voting age (secondary)
     en.wikipedia.org · source date n.d. · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: multiple · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Youth participation: why the youngest eligible voters vote least, and what changes it
864. Wolchok, Wustrow, Isabel, Halderman, Attacking the Washington, D.C. Internet Voting System, Financial Cryptography 2012
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     Cited on: Washington, D.C. 2010 internet voting test: a public trial that was breached
865. World Bank WDI, Military expenditure (SIPRI source), MS.MIL.XPND.CD and MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
866. World Bank, World Development Indicators, "Military expenditure (current US$)" (MS.MIL.XPND.CD) and "Military expenditure (% of GDP)" (MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS), source: SIPRI Military Expenditure Database,
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     Cited on: Defense and foreign affairs, Defense and foreign affairs, the evidence
867. World Prison Brief, Germany
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     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure
868. World Prison Brief, United States of America
     prisonstudies.org · source date 2023 data · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: Safety and Justice: what the public prioritizes and why it is hard to measure, Safety and Justice: what the evidence shows
869. WTOC, Raffensperger: No fraud found in Cobb Co. ballot signature audit
     wtoc.com · source date 2020-12-29 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: Georgia, United States · 1 ledger claim
     Cited on: Georgia's 2020 hand count audit: a full manual tally of about five million ballots
870. WV Secretary of State release via WV Press Association, W.Va. Secretary of State to deter threats against election systems
     wvpress.org · source date 2019-10-02 · accessed 2026-10-26 · jurisdiction: West Virginia, United States · 2 ledger claims
     Cited on: West Virginia's mobile voting pilot: Voatz in 2018 and the security reviews that followed

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